In Berlin, German Chancellor Gerhard Schroder’s office was sealed off after white powder leaked from a letter in the mailroom. Speculations flew over motives for the mailings many feared they were a continuation of the 9/11 attacks. I told my wife and daughter not to be too anxious to open anything.”(2) Herbert Bush of Flushing, New York began treating his mail literally with gloves, “I keep it at a distance and wear gloves definitely. She remembered that a threatening letter she opened two weeks earlier contained “a sandlike substance.”(1) Many began to approach their mail with extra caution. The mail link drew national attention after an assistant to Tom Brokaw of NBC News tested positive for anthrax infection. On October 8, US Attorney General John Ashcroft told reporters that they did not yet have enough information to say “whether or not this could be related to terrorism” or what he called “an occurrence.” The next day, the FBI took over the investigation and by October 11, after a second newspaper mailroom employee was found to have been exposed to anthrax, officials focused on the newspaper’s mailroom, and by extension, the mail. Before the end of that October, the American public had become frighteningly familiar with phrases like cross-contamination, bioterrorism, and the difference between inhalation and cutaneous (skin contact) infections.Īt first, authorities had no idea how or where Stevens had been contaminated. The letters, addressed to government officials and members of the media, led to the infection of nine U.S. Twenty-two people were infected with spores from the anthrax letter attacks. The weeks between these deaths brought the nation face to face with a new fear that a common part of their daily routine – the mail – had turned deadly. On NovemNew England native Ottilie Lundgren died from inhalation anthrax. On October 2, 2001, with the nation still recovering from the 9/11 terrorist attacks, a Florida newspaper employee, Robert Stevens, was hospitalized and died three days later from inhalation anthrax.
#Anthrax mailings timeline series
The 9/11 Commission Report, July 22, 2004.Īmerithrax or Anthrax Investigation, is the first in a series of three posts addressing the anthrax bioterrorism attacks that took place in October 2001. “ DARK WINTER: Bioterrorism Exercise Andrews Air Force Base,” Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense, June 22-23, 2001. “ Scientist admits mistake on anthrax,” Los Angeles Times, Sept. “ Fishing for a Way to Change the World,” Newsweek, Jan. “ Timeline: How The Anthrax Terror Unfolded,” NPR, Feb. “ The Anthrax Source,” Wall Street Journal, Oct. Officials Warn of Further Attacks, Possible Use of Chemical Weapons,” Associated Press, Sept. Stolberg, Sheryl Gay and Alison Mitchell. “ A Quick Response for Politicians a Slower One for Mail Workers,” New York Times, Oct. “ F.B.I., Laying Out Evidence, Closes Anthrax Case,” New York Times, Feb. “ Did the Anthrax Attacks Kick-Start the Iraq War?,” Wired, March 29, 2011. “ Iraq ‘behind US anthrax outbreaks,’ ” Guardian, Oct. “ Shining Light on ‘Dark Winter,’ ” Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 34, Issue 7, April 1, 2002. O’Toole, Tara, Mair Michael, and Thomas V. “ Anthrax’s Dogged Detective,” Los Angeles Times, Dec. “ Anthrax Scare Prompts Run on an Antibiotic,” New York Times, Sept. “ The Anthrax Letters That Terrorized a Nation Are Now Decontaminated and on Public View,” Smithsonian Magazine, Sept. “ Florida Man Is Hospitalized With Pulmonary Anthrax,” New York Times, Oct. “ Nervousness Spreads, Though Illness Doesn’t,” New York Times, Oct. “ A Substance in Anthrax Used in Mail Attacks May Have Increased Dispersal, Officials Say,” Wall Street Journal, Oct.
“ New Evidence Adds Doubt to FBI’s Case Against Anthrax Suspect,” ProPublica, Oct. Inquiry Tried, but Failed, to Link Iraq to Anthrax Attack,” New York Times, Dec. “ Anthrax Found in NBC News Aide,” New York Times, Oct. “ The Anthrax Files,” Frontline, PBS, Oct. Plan of Attack: The Definitive Account of the Decision to Invade Iraq, Simon & Schuster, 2004. The Dark Side: The Inside Story of How the War on Terror Turned Into a War on American Ideals, Doubleday, 2008. To Start a War: How the Bush Administration Took America into Iraq, Penguin Press, 2020.
Like No Other Time: The 107th Congress and the Two Years That Changed America Forever, Crown, 2003.ĭraper, Robert. Days of Fire: Bush and Cheney in the White House, Doubleday, 2013.ĭaschle, Tom.
Season 5 of Slow Burn is produced by Noreen Malone, Jayson De Leon, and Sophie Summergrad. Did Iraq have anything to do with mailing anthrax letters? Did it matter? When the anthrax attacks began a month later, those ideas went into overdrive. Just hours after 9/11, American decision makers had already started thinking about attacking Iraq.
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